We know that docking is an emotive subject which people have strong feelings about.

Please know that, as force-free trainers, we are committed to doing all we can to reduce fear, pain and aversives in the lives of dogs.

We hope you can follow the rationale for docking - and see it as compatible with our values, rather than at odds with them.

Our first-hand experience owning an undocked dog

We imported Roche from Belgium, where it is illegal to dock the tails of any dogs - even working breeds. As a result, Roche is undocked. She is the first undocked HPR we have owned.

Over the years, Roche has split her tail open multiple times simply by wagging it hard, around the house. It is a thin and whippy tail and it flicks hard against walls and furniture, which breaks open the end.

As the wagging continues, blood is then spattered up the walls. (This might sound dramatic, so please see the photos below.)

Each time this happens, it takes several days to heal. Whenever she wags her tail hard and we hear it hitting hard surfaces, we move her to try to avoid the split re-opening.

Sometimes this makes it hard to share in her happiness, because we are worried the tail is going to split again. We are constantly aware of it - and it must cause her pain, although dogs are very stoic. There is also a risk of infection, each time, as with any wound which is slow to heal.

We are lucky that her tail (so far) has healed each time, because other dogs we know have not been so lucky.

The experience of dogs owned by others, which we have witnessed first-hand

Over the years, we have known many undocked dogs of various breeds suffering in this way. Jo has had undocked HPRs attending classes with their tails in splints to try to protect them and allow them to heal.

It is common to see undocked spaniels on shoots with blood up their sides. Their tails have been injured and they wag so hard the tip touches their flanks with each wag. Combined with water from wet cover and rain, their coats can become covered with blood.

Many of these dogs’ tails do not heal for long. They keep opening up repeatedly. So, after a lot of stressful and expensive vet visits, these dogs have to be docked, as adults. We know dogs this has happened to. It is not uncommon or unusual.

As an adult dog, docking becomes a much bigger undertaking. It is not the quick and easy snip it is, in a tiny puppy: It really is ‘amputation’. It is a major surgery. It requires a full general anaesthetic, stitches, antibiotics, pain meds and careful care and protection post-operatively. It brings with it traumatic experiences at the vet, which we try to avoid in all ways.

The risk-benefit analysis

When we consider docking, we are weighing up the experience of neonatal puppies - against the benefit of completely eliminating the above risks, for the lifetime of the dog.

There is no choice here which completely avoids all suffering. We must weigh up 1) the chance of suffering and 2) the degree of suffering involved in either docking or not docking.

If we dock, all puppies in a litter will suffer the experience of docking. But, equally, all puppies will have almost zero risk of tail injuries later in life.

If we don’t dock, no puppies in a litter will suffer the experience of docking. But all puppies will be at risk of tail injuries. They may not all experience tail injuries, but how many dogs must experience tail injuries to justify all puppies in a litter experiencing docking?

How is docking carried out, in the UK?

In the UK, a breeder cannot legally dock. This is a veterinary procedure so it can only be carried out by a vet. To ensure this is how things have been done, the vet completes paperwork as proof of legal docking.

Puppies must be under 5 days old, to be docked. The vet must see the mum, with the pups. We ask for a long dock, which means that only the last third of the tail is removed. The dog can still communicate with their tail, use it as a rudder, and wag it - but the thinnest and most vulnerable part at the end is removed.

At 8wks old, the pups return to the vet to be microchipped and to have their chip numbers recorded on their docking paperwork.

When puppies are sold to new homes, this docking paperwork accompanies them to prove they were legally docked by a vet.

Why can’t you dock some puppies and not others? (Can you leave a puppy undocked for me?)

The problem with docking some puppies and not others, is that the decision about which puppies to dock is then made when pups are under 5 days old.

This means breeders need to assign puppies to owners at 5 days old, without knowing anything about them and what they turn out to be like.

The family wanting a more laid back puppy, might end up with one full of working potential. The working home might end up with a dog that lacks the drive they want. We only breed when we want to keep a pup, and it makes no sense to restrict our own choice by leaving some pups undocked.

We also feel that we should stand by our conclusion for all pups. If we are making this decision because we believe it is in the interests of the pups, we should not decide otherwise simply to please someone who is considering purchasing a pup. The pup’s interests come first, above a sale.